ABSTRACT
Background: Opacification of ophthalmic devices has been previously reported in silicone scleral buckle, Molteno implant, and intraocular lens opacification. However, there is no report on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lens (IOL) calcification. Objective: Report the clinical feature, histopathologic and spectrophotometer analysis of opacified three-piece PMMA IOL. Method: A 60-year-old diabetic patient reported decreased visual acuity in her right eye, which had undergone phacoemulsification with PMMA IOL implantation. The ophthalmic examination revealed a white homogeneous opacification of posterior surface of the IOL. The explanted IOL was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and alizarin red staining. Results: The scanning electron microscope analysis showed granular deposits on posterior surface of the IOL. Using energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, calcium and phosphate peaks were revealed, which was confirmed by positive for alizarin red staining. Conclusion: This case report provided evidence of PMMA IOL calcification caused by calcium and phosphate deposits. The possible etiologies were extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHQ in a combination treatment with ZDV/ddI in HIV-1-infected children. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty five HIV-infected children were randomly enrolled into 3 treatment groups: (I) ZDV + ddI (n = 25); and (II) ZDV + ddI + CHQ (n = 21); and (III) ZDV + ddI experienced children were non-randomly added CHQ (n = 9). Weight, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and plasma HIV-RNA were measured at weeks 0, 8 and 24. RESULTS: Fifteen, 16 and 8 children from Groups I, II and III were evaluated. No significant improvement in the mean Z-score for weight in groups I and II, but a decrease occurred in group III after 6 months of therapy. In group I, II and III, the respective change in the mean CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage was +6.7, +4.0 and -0.6. The decrease in the plasma HIV-RNA log was 0.9, 1.1 and 0.7, respectively. There was a trend for more nausea/vomiting in group II/III and more opportunistic infections in group III. CONCLUSION: 1. The addition of chloroquine in ZDV/ddI regimen provided no significant improvement in clinical, immunological and virological parameters. 2. Chloroquine induced immunosuppression and nausea complicated its use.